Herzberg, mausner, and snyderman 1959 developed the two factor theory of job satisfaction. The twofactor theory is an oversimplification of the true relationship between motivation and dissatisfaction. Experiment or research study on employees by herzberg the twofactor theory also known as herzbergs motivationhygiene theory and dualfactor theory states that there are certain factors in the workplace that cause job satisfaction, while a separate set of factors cause dissatisfaction. Herzbergs twofactor theory of motivationalso referred to as motivationhygiene theorycontends that job satisfaction is contingent upon a variety of factors that give meaning to the nature of ones work. Table 1 displays the motivation and hygiene factors. It is also known as motivationhygiene theory or motivationmaintenance theory.
This paper examines the historical context in which the theory was developed, the methodology used to develop the theory, the controversy and attempts to duplicate the study, and the theorys current relevance to hrd. Introduction motivation is one of the most important factors in affecting human behaviour and performance. This report presents a summary of the herzberg twofactor theory of job satisfaction. An extensive amount of research has been conducted based on this theory.
When questioned what turned them off or unpleased them. Herzberg named two basic factors, which are an employees source of satisfaction and motivation. Herzbergs two factor theory is a content theory of motivation the other main one is maslows hierarchy of needs. Dec 12, 2019 the herzberg two factor theory is a theory about motivation of employees. Herzberg calls these satisfier or motivation factors. The impact of herzbergs two factor theory and efficiency at work. These attempt to explain the factors that motivate individuals through.
The purpose of the study is to develop the herzberg theory and its possible application to an organization as a means of increasing worker productivity. According to frederick herzberg, the motivating factors are the six job content factors that include achievement, recognition, work itself, responsibility, advancement, and possibility of. Herzbergs intrinsicextrinsic factors hygienemotivators herzbergs two factor theory is one of the most well known theories of motivation. The result of this research became known as herzbergs hygiene theory or the two factor theory and showed that those factors that gave a person satisfaction at work and those that resulted in dissatisfaction are quite different in nature. May, 2017 frederick herzberg in his publication the motivation to work 1959 claimed that he executed examinations to determine which elements in an employees work environment triggered satisfaction or dissatisfaction. In this research there are eight factors under the variable of hygiene factors namely are pay, coworker relations, company policies and practices. Unique to this theory is a deviation from the conventional notion of job satisfaction, which is that satisfaction and dissatisfaction are extremes of a single continuum herzberg, 1966. The two factor theory has had a considerable amount of practical and as well as theoretical influences. Herzberg two factor theory human resource management.
Herzbergs motivation theory is one of the content theories of motivation. Herzbergs motivationhygiene theory and job satisfaction in. This was prompted by his posting to the dachau concentration camp after its liberation. Herzbergs theory is one of the most significant content theories in job satisfaction dion, 2006. We will use these terms interchangeably in this article. Building on herzberg s two factor theory, personenvironment fit theory, as well as recent subsaharan evidence, analysis of the collected data yields four turnover mechanisms.
Another goal is to see which of the two factors of herzberg theory have more impact in raising the productivity of the employees in the retail industry. Herzberg s motivationhygiene theory two factor theory to better understand employee attitudes and motivation, frederick herzberg performed studies to determine which factors in an employees work environment caused satisfaction or dissatisfaction. In fact, from a practical perspective, the influence of herzbergs motivation theory can be seen at every organizational level as well as within every department. In 1959, frederick herzberg, a behavioural scientist proposed a twofactor theory or the motivatorhygiene theory.
Accordingly, herzbergs twofactor theory posits that a good leader would give motivation to the members of staff in the organisation so that they would do their job well yusoff et al. In this article, you will learn about how to apply herzberg theory in project management and how to control hygiene factors and leverage motivational factors. From a theoretical perspective, herzbergs motivation theory can be perceived as having similarities to maslows theory of need. This often has something to do with socalled hygiene factors, such as salary and work conditions. Herzbergs two factor motivation theory managementmania. The first piece of research that interests us was undertaken by fredrick herzberg in 1959 to investigate satisfaction at work. On the other hand, motivators are the real factors that motivate employees at work. The study was conducted by means of a systematic research of a representative sample of the literature available on the theory. Herzbergs two factor theory and hypothesis is developed based on those two factors. His overriding interest in mental health stemmed from his belief that mental health is the core issue of our times. The twofactor theory was tested by many other researchers. Implications, limitations of twofactor theory of motivation.
For example, bad working conditions are likely to be a source of dissatisfaction, but excellent working conditions might not produce correspondingly high rates of satisfaction, whereas other improvements such as. Herzbergs theory frederick herzbergs motivationhygiene theory on job satisfaction is considered to be one of the most revolutionary research in this arena. In 1968, herzberg indicated that there were 16 other studies from various parts of the world that use different population samples that are supportive of his original findings. Several studies showed that one factor can cause job satisfaction for one person and job dissatisfaction for another. An empirical test of herzbergs twofactor motivation theory. Twofactor theory of motivation hygiene and motivational. Frederick herzberg developed one of the bestknown theories of people management. Herzbergs twofactor theory introduction to business. Herzberg s twofactor theory 1 herzberg s twofactor theory of job satisfaction.
A comparative study on employees job satisfaction level. Herzbergs motivationhygiene theory two factor theory to better understand employee attitudes and motivation, frederick herzberg performed studies to determine which factors in an employees work environment caused satisfaction or dissatisfaction. Herzberg developed the twofactor theory of motivation from an outline learned in nearly 4,000 interviews when questioned what turned them on or pleased them about their work, participants spoken primarily about elements pertaining to the nature of the work itself. Herzbergs motivationhygiene theory two factor theory. Herzbergs twofactor theory american psychologist frederick herzberg is regarded as one of the great original thinkers in management and motivational theory. Motivationhygiene theory is also known as herzbergs twofactor theory or herzbergs dualfactor theory 1959. The two factor theory also known as herzberg s motivationhygiene theory and dual factor theory states that there are certain factors in the workplace that cause job satisfaction while a separate set of factors cause dissatisfaction, all of which act independently of each other. Frederick herzberg, professor and chairman, psychology department at chase, western reserve university, pitsburg, usa and author of work and nature of man world publishing co. Frederick irving herzberg 17 april 1923 19 january 2000 herzberg analysed the job attitudes of 200 accountants and engineers who were asked to recall when they had felt positive or negative at work and the. Pdf herzbergs twofactor theory 1 herzbergs twofactor. Unlike maslows theory, herzbergs motivationhygiene theory claims that job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction result from different causes. Dec 22, 2014 herzbergs twofactor theory frederick herzbergs well known twofactor theory was designed in year 1959. Herzbergs inference regarding differences between satisfiers and motivators cannot be completely accepted. Herzeeflg two factor theory developwr herzberg s two factor theory of jobsatisfaction is not new, as a ratter of fact, it dates back to 1959 a is the outgrowth of a research study project on job attitudes conducted by herzberg, mausner and snyderman.
Herzberg found that the factors causing job satisfaction. On the other hand, employees satisfaction has to do with socalled motivation. Further, herzbergs twofactor theory was noted by many researchers to be the most effective needs satisfaction model used in healthcare organisations timmreck, 2001 cahill, 2011. The main underlying basis of his theory is that there are factors that cause motivation and those which cause dissatisfaction. Frederick herzberg 1923 2000 was a us clinical psychologist who later became professor of management at the university of utah. Pdf herzbergs motivationhygiene theory two factor theory. Oct 23, 2012 money is a hygiene factor, based on herzbergs theory, but it is a motivation for a lot of employees.
Twofactor theory of motivation hygiene and motivational factor. Herzbergs motivation hygiene theory applied to high school. This theory of motivation is known as a two factor content. The herzberg two factor theory is a theory about motivation of employees. Jan 19, 2000 herzbergs two factor theory is a content theory of motivation the other main one is maslows hierarchy of needs. Herzberg developed the twofactor theory of motivation from an outline learned in nearly 4,000 interviews. Herzbergs motivationhygiene theory and job satisfaction in the. This study attempts to fully investigate the wellresearched and worldrenowned theory. Based on two hundred engineers and accountant feedback collected in the usa regarding their personal feelings towards their working environments. The two factor theory or herzberg s theory of motivation is still to this day, holding to the test of time.
The twofactor theory developed from data collected by. Herzbergs twofactor theory 1 herzbergs twofactor theory of job satisfaction. Oct 31, 2016 herzbergs intrinsicextrinsic factors hygienemotivators herzbergs two factor theory is one of the most well known theories of motivation. The impact of herzbergs two factor theory and efficiency. Frederick herzberg, the motivating factors are the six job content factors that include achievement, recognition, work itself, responsibility. Herzbergs motivation theory model goes by a number of different names, including two factor theory, herzbergs motivationhygiene theory, and duel structure theory.
Therefore, satisfaction and dissatisfaction cannot be measured on the same continuum. Herzberg s work focused on the individual in the workplace, but it has been popular with managers as it also emphasised the importance of management knowledge and expertise. Clinical psychologist and pioneering motivational theorist, frederick herzberg was the first to suggest that satisfaction and dissatisfaction at work nearly always arose from different factors, and were not simply opposing reactions to the same factors, as had been. Money is a hygiene factor, based on herzbergs theory, but it is a motivation for a lot of employees. May 12, 2017 herzberg developed the twofactor theory of motivation from an outline learned in nearly 4,000 interviews when questioned what turned them on or pleased them about their work, participants spoken primarily about elements pertaining to the nature of the work itself. Munich personal repec archive herzbergs motivationhygiene theory and job satisfaction in the malaysian retail sector. A comparative study on employees job satisfaction level using. What is the herzberg two factor theory of motivation. Herzberg set out to determine the effect of attitude on motivation, by simply asking people to describe the times when they felt really good, and really bad, about their jobs. Two factor theory, theory of worker motivation, formulated by frederick herzberg, which holds that employee job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction are influenced by separate factors. It is based upon the deceptively simple idea that motivation can be dichotomised.
Another popular content perspective on motivation is the twofactor theory developed by fredrick herzberg. Herzbergs two factor theory of motivation two dimensions of motivation. Herzberg s two factor theory of motivation hygiene factors. The basic theory of this research is the herzbergs two factor theory, concretely motivational and hygienic factors. Herzbergs twofactor theory of motivation in 1959, frederick herzberg, a behavioural scientist proposed a twofactor theory or the motivatorhygiene theory. Usa, 1966, in late 1950s undertook intensive study of 200 engineers from 11 different.
Frederick herzberg s twofactor theory of motivation motivationhygiene. First discussed in 1959s motivation to work, his influential two factor theory aka hygienemotivation theory established how workplace factors can impact our motivation levels in two very different ways. Twofactor theory, theory of worker motivation, formulated by frederick herzberg, which holds that employee job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction are influenced by separate factors. For example, bad working conditions are likely to be a source of dissatisfaction, but excellent working conditions. Herzbergs two factor motivation theory herzbergs two factor theory sometimes dual factor theory or herzberg motivation theory is one of the motivation theories and it suitably complements, for example, maslows pyramid. The first set hygiene factors concerns the employees need for fair treatment in compensation, supervision, and working conditions. Herzberg twofactor theory of motivation or explains how hygiene factors impact your project teams motivation.
It was developed by psychologist frederick herzberg. This process would have been much longer if i had either. Read this article now to learn how to apply it in practice. This report presents a summary of the herzberg two factor theory of job satisfaction. Herzbergs motivation hygiene theory applied to high. Pdf an empirical test of herzbergs twofactor motivation. These two factors that have an effect on job satisfaction are divided into two sets of categories. Clinical psychologist and pioneering motivational theorist, frederick herzberg was the first to suggest that satisfaction and dissatisfaction at work nearly always arose from different factors, and were not simply opposing reactions to the same factors, as had been previously believed. Herzberg s two factor theory of motivation simplest explanation ever duration. This theory suggests there are two sets of factors that impact upon an employees feelings of satisfaction at work. There is also a video example of how it all works in dynamics.
The twofactor theory also known as herzbergs motivationhygiene theory and dualfactor theory states that there are certain factors in the workplace that cause job satisfaction while a separate set of factors cause dissatisfaction, all of which act independently of each other. This theory assumes on the one hand, that employees can be dissatisfied with their jobs. Herzbergs twofactor theory of motivation applied to the. It motivates them to work harder in order to gain recognition, which translates into a. He did this by interviewing over 200 professionals. Herzberg 2 factor theory essay example graduateway. Herzberg s two factor theory 1 herzberg s two factor theory of job satisfaction. Content theories of motivation herzbergs motivation theory is one of the content theories of motivation. Employee motivation is one of the most popular topics in management and org anizational psychology. These attempt to explain the factors that motivate individuals through identifying and satisfying their individual needs, desires and the aims pursued to satisfy these desires. Herzbergs twofactor theory of motivation simplest explanation ever duration. Employee turnover in the hospitality industry using herzberg. Herzbergs twofactor theory of jobsatisfaction is not new, as a ratter of fact, it dates back to 1959 a is the outgrowth of a research study project on job attitudes conducted by.
This provides univerlistic perspective on work motivation a perspective deem deemphasising individual differences and is derived from maslows work. I was also able to easily download my raw data into excel to sort it and run the necessary tests on it. Building on herzbergs twofactor theory, personenvironment fit theory, as well as recent subsaharan evidence, analysis of the collected data yields four turnover mechanisms. Herzberg named two basic factors, which are an employees source of satisfaction and motivation hygiene factors dissatisfiers. The main concept of this theory is the difference between motivation factors and hygiene factors. Herzbergs twofactor theory divides motivation and job satisfaction into two groups of factors known as the motivation factors and hygiene factors. According to herzberg, there are some job factors that result in satisfaction while there are other job factors that prevent dissatisfaction. He published his findings in the 1959 book the motivation to work. Herzbergs twofactor theory of job satisfaction dtic.
Herzbergs motivationhygiene theory and job satisfaction. However, through its existence there have been many critiques. Accordingly, herzberg s two factor theory posits that a good leader would give motivation to the members of staff in the organisation so that they would do their job well yusoff et al. Herzbergs two factor theory sometimes dual factor theory or herzberg motivation theory is one of the motivation theories and it suitably complements, for example, maslows pyramid. Motivationhygiene theory is also known as herzberg s twofactor theory or herzberg s dual factor theory 1959. The two factor theory of motivation by frederick herzberg. Frederick herzbergs two factor theory explanined peakon. Employee turnover in the hospitality industry using. Herzberg s two factor theory of jobsatisfaction is not new, as a ratter of fact, it dates back to 1959 a is the outgrowth of a research study project on job attitudes conducted by herzberg, mausner and snyderman.
Jun 26, 20 content theories of motivation herzbergs motivation theory is one of the content theories of motivation. Of four significant factors, only recognition is a motivator as defined by herzbergs twofactor theory. This theory of motivation is known as a two factor content theory. Herzbergs work focused on the individual in the workplace, but it has been popular with managers as it also emphasised the importance of management knowledge and expertise. According to this theory, the main factors of satisfaction are the intrinsic aspects of the job motivators. Twofactor theory was formulated by frederick herzberg in 1959.